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Singularity Methods of Periodic Systems of First Order
Hong Bin CHEN,Shuang Liang DI
Acta Mathematica Sinica, Chinese Series
2003, 46 (1):
177-182.
DOI: 10.12386/A2003sxxb0024
Consider the differential equation (?) + a(t)g(x) = h(t), where a(t) and h(t) are 1-periodic functions such that a(f) does not change sign, and g is a concave-convex type function. By using the singularity method we obtain a complete geometric structure of 1-periodic solution, and the exact multiplicity results. More precisely, the image of singularities consists of codimensional 1 manifold that divides the C[0, 1] into two open sets A1,A3: (1) for h(t) A1, the equation has a unique periodic solution. (2) for h(t) ∈ A3, the equation has exactly three periodic solutions. (3) Moreover, the image F(C) of cusp singularities C is a codimensional 2 manifolds of ∈ [0,1] such that for h(t) ∈ F(C), the equation has a unique periodic solution, and for h(t) ∈ F(E)\F(C), the equation has exactly two periodic solutions.
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