中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院期刊网

15 January 2025, Volume 41 Issue 1
    

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  • Hongchao Jia, Der-Chen Chang, Ferenc Weisz, Dachun Yang, Wen Yuan
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 1-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3153-2
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    Let $q\in(0,\infty]$ and $\varphi$ be a Musielak-Orlicz function with uniformly lower type $p_{\varphi}^-\in(0,\infty)$ and uniformly upper type $p_{\varphi}^+\in(0,\infty)$. In this article, the authors establish various real-variable characterizations of the Musielak-Orlicz-Lorentz Hardy space $H^{\varphi,q}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, respectively, in terms of various maximal functions, finite atoms, and various Littlewood-Paley functions. As applications, the authors obtain the dual space of $H^{\varphi,q}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and the summability of Fourier transforms from $H^{\varphi,q}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ to the Musielak-Orlicz-Lorentz space $L^{\varphi,q}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ when $q\in(0,\infty)$ or from the Musielak-Orlicz Hardy space $H^{{\varphi}}({\mathbb{R}^n})$ to $L^{\varphi,\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ in the critical case. These results are new when $q\in(0,\infty)$ and also essentially improve the existing corresponding results (if any) in the case $q=\infty$ via removing the original assumption that $\varphi$ is concave. To overcome the essential obstacles caused by both that $\varphi$ may not be concave and that the boundedness of the powered Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator on associated spaces of Musielak-Orlicz spaces is still unknown, the authors make full use of the obtained atomic characterization of $H^{\varphi,q}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, the corresponding results related to weighted Lebesgue spaces, and the subtle relation between Musielak-Orlicz spaces and weighted Lebesgue spaces.
  • Guixiang Hong, Liyuan Zhang
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 78-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3315-2
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    In this paper, we establish a weighted maximal $L_2$ estimate of operator-valued Bochner-Riesz means. The proof is based on noncommutative square function estimates and a sharp weighted noncommutative Hardy-Littlewood maximal inequality.
  • Yuqing Wang, Yuan Zhou
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 99-121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3356-6
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    Let Ω be a domain of $(\mathbb{R}^n)$ with n ≥ 2 and p(·) be a local Lipschitz funcion in Ω with 1 < p(x) < ∞ in Ω. We build up an interior quantitative second order Sobolev regularity for the normalized p(·)-Laplace equation -Δp(·)Nu = 0 in Ω as well as the corresponding inhomogeneous equation -Δp(·)Nu=f in Ω with fC0(Ω). In particular, given any viscosity solution u to -Δp(·)Nu= 0 in Ω, we prove the following:
    (i) in dimension $n=2$, for any subdomain $U \Subset \Omega$ and any $\beta \geq 0$, one has $|D u|^\beta D u \in L_{\text {loc }}^{2+\delta}(U)$ with a quantitative upper bound, and moreover, the map $\left(x_1, x_2\right) \rightarrow|D u|^\beta\left(u_{x_1},-u_{x_2}\right)$ is quasiregular in $U$ in the sense that
    $\left|D\left[|D u|^\beta D u\right]\right|^2 \leq-C \operatorname{det} D\left[|D u|^\beta D u\right] \quad$ a.e. in $U$.
    (ii) in dimension $n \geq 3$, for any subdomain $U \Subset \Omega$ with $\inf _U p(x)>1$ and $\sup _U p(x)<3+\frac{2}{n-2}$, one has $D^2 u \in L_{\text {loc }}^{2+\delta}(U)$ with a quantitative upper bound, and also with a pointwise upper bound
    $\left|D^2 u\right|^2 \leq-C$ $\sum\limits_{1 \le i < j \le n} {} $ $\left[u_{x_i x_j} u_{x_j x_i}-u_{x_i x_i} u_{x_j x_j}\right]$ a.e. in $U$.
    Here constants $\delta>0$ and $C \geq 1$ are independent of $u$. These extend the related results obtaind by Adamowicz-Hästö [Mappings of finite distortion and PDE with nonstandard growth. Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN, 10, 1940-1965 (2010)] when $n=2$ and $\beta=0$.
  • Xiaochun Li
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 122-130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3525-7
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    A local $L^p$ estimate is proved by using the $\sigma$-uniformity, which is motivated by the study of the Stein-Tomas type restriction theorems and Waring's problem.
  • Xinting Hu, Liguang Liu
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 131-148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3458-1
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    For $s\in [0,1]$, $b\in\mathbb R$ and $p\in[1,\infty)$, let $\dot{B}^{s,b}_{p,\infty}(\mathbb R^n)$ be the logarithmic-Gagliardo-Lipschitz space, which arises as a limiting interpolation space and coincides to the classical Besov space when $b=0$ and $s\in (0,1)$. In this paper, the authors study restricting principles of the Riesz potential space $\mathcal I_\alpha (\dot{B}^{s,b}_{p,\infty}(\mathbb R^n))$ into certain Radon-Campanato space.
  • Yanping Chen, Liu Yang, Meng Qu
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 149-168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3462-5
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    In this paper, we consider the jump and variational inequalities of truncated singular integral operator with rough kernel \begin{align*} T_{\Omega, \beta,\varepsilon}f(x)=\int_{|y|>\varepsilon} \frac{\Omega(y)}{|y|^{n-\beta}} f(x-y) d y, \end{align*} where the kernel $\Omega\in{(L({\rm log}^+L)^2)^{\frac{n}{n-\beta}}(\mathbb{S}^{n-1})}$ satisfies the vanishing condition and the homogeneous condition of degree $0$. This kind of singular integral appears in the approximation of the surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) equation from the generalized SQG equation. We establish the $(L^p,L^q)$ estimate of the jump and variational inequalities of the families $\{T_{\Omega, \beta,\varepsilon}\}_{\varepsilon>0}$ for $\frac{1}{q}=\frac{1}{p}-\frac{\beta}{n}$ and $0<\beta<1$. Moreover, one can get the $L^p$ boundedness of the Calderón-Zygmund operator with the same kernel by letting $\beta\rightarrow0^+$.
  • Zhengyang Li, Liu Lu, Fanghui Liao, Qingying Xue
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 169-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3465-2
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    Let T be a bilinear vector-valued singular integral operator satisfies some mild regularity conditions, which may not fall under the scope of the theory of standard Calderón-Zygmund classes. For any $\vec{b}=\left(b_1, b_2\right) \in\left(\mathrm{CMO}\left(\mathbb{R}^n\right)\right)^2$, let $\left[T, b_j\right]_{e_j}(j=1,2),[T, \vec{b}]_\alpha$ be the commutators in the j-th entry and the iterated commutators of T, respectively. In this paper, for all $p_0>1$,$\frac{p_0}{2}< p<$∞,and $p_0 \leq p_1, p_2<\infty$ with $1 / p=1 / p_1+1 / p_2$,we prove that $\left[T, b_j\right]_{e_j}$ and $[T, \vec{b}]_\alpha$ are weighted compact operators from $L^{p_1}\left(w_1\right) \times L^{p_2}\left(w_2\right)$ to $L^p\left(\nu_{\vec{w}}\right)$, where $\vec{w}=\left(w_1, w_2\right) \in A_{\vec{p} / p_0}$ and $\nu_{\vec{w}}=w_1^{p / p_1} w_2^{p / p_2}$.As applications, we obtain the weighted compactness of commutators in the j-th entry and the iterated commutators of several kinds of bilinear Littlewood-Paley square operators with some mild kernel regularity, including bilinear g function, bilinear gλ* function and bilinear Lusin’s area integral. In addition, we also get the weighted compactness of commutators in the j-th entry and the iterated commutators of bilinear Fourier multiplier operators, and bilinear square Fourier multiplier operators associated with bilinear g function, bilinear gλ* function and bilinear Lusin’s area integral, respectively.
  • The Anh Bui, Xuan Thinh Duong, Ji Li
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 191-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3478-x
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    Let $\{\mathcal A_t\}_{t>0}$ be a family of bounded linear operator on $L^2(X)$ where $(X, d, \mu)$ is a metric space with metric $d$ and doubling measure $\mu$. Assume that the family $\{\mathcal A_t\}_{t>0}$ satisfies suitable off-diagonal estimates from $L^{p_0}$ to $L^2$ for some $p_0 < 2$. This paper aims to prove weighted bound estimates for conical square functions and g-functions associated to the family $\{\mathcal A_t\}_{t>0}$. Some applications such as weighted bounds for bilinear estimates associated to certain differential operators are also obtained.
  • Fernando Cobos, Luz M. Fernández-Cabrera, Antón Martínez
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 209-230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3506-x
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    We extend the (outer) measure $\gamma_{_{\mathcal{I}}}$ associated to an operator ideal $\mathcal{I}$ to a measure $\gamma_{_{\mathfrak{I}}}$ for bounded bilinear operators. If $\mathcal{I}$ is surjective and closed, and $\mathfrak{I}$ is the class of those bilinear operators such that $\gamma_{_{\mathfrak{I}}}(T)=0$, we prove that $\mathfrak{I}$ coincides with the composition bideal $\mathcal{I}\circ \mathfrak{B}$. If $\mathcal{I}$ satisfies the $\Sigma_r$-condition, we establish a simple necessary and sufficient condition for an interpolated operator by the real method to belong to $\mathfrak{I}$. Furthermore, if in addition $\mathcal{I}$ is symmetric, we prove a formula for the measure $\gamma_{_{\mathfrak{I}}}$ of an operator interpolated by the real method. In particular, results apply to weakly compact operators.
  • Dorothee D. Haroske, Leszek Skrzypczak, Hans Triebel
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 231-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3532-8
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    The paper deals with continuous and compact mappings generated by the Fourier transform between distinguished Besov spaces $B_p^s\left(\mathbb{R}^n\right)=B_{p, p}^s\left(\mathbb{R}^n\right), 1 \leq p \leq \infty$, and between Sobolev spaces $H_p^s\left(\mathbb{R}^n\right), 1 < p < \infty$. In contrast to the paper H. Triebel, Mapping properties of Fourier transforms. Z. Anal. Anwend. 41 (2022), 133-152, based mainly on embeddings between related weighted spaces, we rely on wavelet expansions, duality and interpolation of corresponding (unweighted) spaces, and (appropriately extended) Hausdorff-Young inequalities. The degree of compactness will be measured in terms of entropy numbers and approximation numbers, now using the symbiotic relationship to weighted spaces.
  • Sean Douglas, Loukas Grafakos
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 255-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3557-z
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    We prove almost everywhere convergence for convolutions of locally integrable functions with shrinking $L^1$ dilations of a fixed integrable kernel with an integrable radially decreasing majorant. The set on which the convergence holds is an explicit subset of the Lebesgue set of the locally integrable function of full measure. This result can be viewed as an extension of the Lebesgue differentiation theorem in which the characteristic function of the unit ball is replaced by a more general kernel. We obtain a similar result for multilinear convolutions.
  • Satoshi Yamaguchi, Eiichi Nakai, Katsunori Shimomura
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 273-303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-024-3368-7
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    In this paper we extend the duality $ (\overline{C^{\infty}_{comp}(\mathbb{R}^d)}^{\mathrm{BMO}(\mathbb{R}^d)})^*=H^1(\mathbb{R}^d)$ to generalized Campanato spaces with variable growth condition $\mathcal{L}_{p,\phi}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ instead of $\mathrm{BMO}(\mathbb{R}^d)$. We also extend the characterization of $\overline{C^{\infty}_{comp}(\mathbb{R}^d)}^{\mathrm{BMO}(\mathbb{R}^d)}$ by Uchiyama (1978) to $\overline{C^{\infty}_{comp}(\mathbb{R}^d)}^{\mathcal{L}_{p,\phi}(\mathbb{R}^d)}$. Moreover, using this characterization, we prove the boundedness of singular and fractional integral operators on $\overline{C^{\infty}_{comp}(\mathbb{R}^d)}^{\mathcal{L}_{p,\phi}(\mathbb{R}^d)}$. The function space $\mathcal{L}_{p,\phi}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ treated in this paper covers the case that it is coincide with Lip$_{\alpha}$ on one area, with $\mathrm{BMO}$ on another area and with the Morrey space on the other area, for example.
  • Yao He, Yong Jiao, Jun Liu
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 304-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3567-x
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    Let $p(\cdot): \mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow(0, \infty]$ be a variable exponent function satisfying the globally log-Hölder continuous condition and $A$ a general expansive matrix on $\mathbb{R}^n$. Let $H_A^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ be the variable anisotropic Hardy space associated with $A$. In this paper, via first establishing a criterion for affirming some functions being in the space $H_A^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, the authors obtain several equivalent characterizations of $H_A^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ in terms of the so-called tight frame multiwavelets, which extend the well-known wavelet characterizations of classical Hardy spaces. In particular, these wavelet characterizations are shown without the help of Peetre maximal operators.
  • Kwok Pun Ho, Yoshihiro Sawano
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 327-354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3570-2
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    This paper is an offspring of the previous study on Herz spaces. A new characterization of Morrey-Herz spaces is given. As applications, the boundedness of various operators is obtained. For example, higher-order commutators generated by singular integral operators and BMO functions are proved to be bounded on Morrey-Herz spaces. The theory of Morrey-Herz-Hardy spaces is also developed.
  • Jin Bai, Jinsong Li, Kangwei Li
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 355-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3589-4
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    We introduce a bilinear extension of the so-called exotic Calderón-Zygmund operators. These kernels arise naturally from the bilinear singular integrals associated with Zygmund dilations. We show that such a class of operators satisfy a $T1$ theorem in the same form as the standard Calderón-Zygmund operators. However, one-parameter weighted estimates may fail in general, and unlike the linear case, we are not able to provide the end-point estimates in full generality.
  • Zhongwei Shen, Jinping Zhuge
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 378-412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3640-5
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    This paper is concerned with a class of degenerate elliptic equations with rapidly oscillating coefficients in periodically perforated domains, which arises in the study of spectrum problems for uniformly elliptic equations in perforated domains. We establish a quantitative convergence rate and obtain the uniform weighted Lipschitz and $W^{1,p}$ estimates.
  • Dorothee D. Haroske, Zhen Liu, Susana D. Moura, Leszek Skrzypczak
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 413-456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3553-3
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    We study embeddings between generalised Triebel-Lizorkin-Morrey spaces $\mathcal{E}_{\varphi, p, q}^s\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)$ and within the scales of further generalised Morrey smoothness spaces like $\mathcal{N}_{\varphi, p, q}^s\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)$, $B_{p, q}^{s, \varphi}\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)$ and $F_{p, q}^{s, \varphi}\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)$. The latter have been investigated in a recent paper by the first two authors (2023), while the embeddings of the scale $\mathcal{N}_{\varphi, p, q}^s\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)$ were mainly obtained in a paper of the first and last two authors (2022). Now we concentrate on the characterisation of the spaces $\mathcal{E}_{\varphi, p, q}^s\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)$. Our approach requires a wavelet characterisation of those spaces which we establish for the system of Daubechies' wavelets. Then we prove necessary and sufficient conditions for the embedding $\mathcal{E}_{\varphi_1, p_1, q_1}^{s_1}\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right) \hookrightarrow \mathcal{E}_{\varphi_2, p_2, q_2}^{s_2}\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)$. We can also provide some almost final answer to the question when $\mathcal{E}_{\varphi, p, q}^s\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)$ is embedded into $C\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)$, complementing our recent findings in case of $\mathcal{N}_{\varphi, p, q}^s\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)$.
  • Nijjwal Karak, Pekka Koskela, Debanjan Nandi, Swadesh Kumar Sahoo
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 457-471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3649-9
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    We establish a pointwise property for homogeneous fractional Sobolev spaces in domains with non-empty boundary, extending a similar result of Koskela-Yang-Zhou. We use this to show that a conformal map from the unit disk onto a simply connected planar domain induces a bounded composition operator from the borderline homogeneous fractional Sobolev space of the domain into the corresponding space of the unit disk.
  • Tuomas Hytönen
    Acta Mathematica Sinica. 2025, 41(1): 472-496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3698-0
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    The dyadic representation of any singular integral operator, as an average of dyadic model operators, has found many applications. While for many purposes it is enough to have such a representation for a “suitable class” of test functions, we show that, under quite general assumptions (essentially minimal ones to make sense of the formula), the representation is actually valid for all pairs $(f, g) \in L^p\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right) \times L^{p^{\prime}}\left(\mathbb{R}^d\right)$, not just test functions.