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  • Huaifu Liu, Xiaohuan Mo
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(6): 1491-1507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3309-0
    In this paper, we study a class of Finsler metrics of cohomogeneity two on $\mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}^n$. They are called weakly orthogonally invariant Finsler metrics. These metrics not only contain spherically symmetric Finsler metrics and Marcal-Shen's warped product metrics but also partly contain another "warping" introduced by Chen-Shen-Zhao. We obtain differential equations that characterize weakly orthogonally invariant Finsler metrics with vanishing Douglas curvature, and therefore we provide a unifying frame work for Douglas equations due to Liu-Mo, Mo-Solórzano-Tenenblat and Solórzano. As an application, we obtain a lot of new examples of weakly orthogonally invariant Douglas metrics.
  • Articles
    Wenpeng Zhang, Li Wang
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(6): 1580-1590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3543-5
    The main purpose of this article is using the elementary techniques and the properties of the character sums to study the computational problem of one kind products of Gauss sums, and give an interesting triplication formula for them.
  • Yang Liu, Mengjie Zhang
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(8): 1953-1965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3223-5
    In this paper, we study the $p$-Laplacian Choquard equation $$-△_p u+V(x)|u|^{p-2}u=\bigg({\sum_{y\in N^n\atop y\not=x}}\frac{|u(y)|^q}{d(x,\,y)^{n-\alpha}}\bigg)|u|^{q-2}u$$ on a finite lattice graph $N^n$ with $n\in\mathbb{N}_+$, where $p>1,$ $q>1$ and $0\leq\alpha\leq n$ are some constants, $V(x)$ is a positive function on $N^n$. Using the Nehari method, we prove that if 1<p<q<+∞, then the above equation admits a ground state solution. Previously, the $p$-Laplacian Choquard equation on finite lattice graph has not been studied, and our result contains the critical cases $\alpha=0$ and $\alpha=n$, which further improves the study of Choquard equations on lattice graphs.
  • Articles
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(9): 2195-2230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-4377-x
    This paper develops an Itô-type fractional pathwise integration theory for fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameters \(H \in (\frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{2}] \), using the Lyons' rough path framework. This approach is designed to fill gaps in conventional stochastic calculus models that fail to account for temporal persistence prevalent in dynamic systems such as those found in economics, finance, and engineering. The pathwise-defined method not only meets the zero expectation criterion but also addresses the challenges of integrating non-semimartingale processes, which traditional Itô calculus cannot handle. We apply this theory to fractional Black-Scholes models and high-dimensional fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, illustrating the advantages of this approach. Additionally, the paper discusses the generalization of Itô integrals to rough differential equations (RDE) driven by fBM, emphasizing the necessity of integrand-specific adaptations in the Itô rough path lift for stochastic modeling.
  • Articles
    Fuqing Gao, Zhi Qu
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(6): 1508-1530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3231-5
    We study Berry-Esseen bounds and Cramér-type moderate deviations of a jump-type Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) process driven by a standard Wiener process and a subordinator. In the subcritical case, we obtain the best Berry-Esseen bound of the sample mean and the MLE of the growth rate if the Lévy measure of the subordinator has finite third order moment. Under the Cramér condition, we establish the Cramér-type moderate deviations of the MLE of the growth rate. We first derive a Berry-Esseen bound, a deviation inequality and the Cramér-type moderate deviations for the sample mean of the CIR process by analyzing the asymptotic behaviors of the characteristic function and the moment generating function of the sample mean. Then we analyze a type of additive functional of the jump-type CIR process and use a transformation to study the Berry-Esseen bound and the Cramér-type moderate deviations for the MLE of the growth rate.
  • Articles
    Jiangtao Li
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(6): 1703-1716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-2533-y
    Cyclotomic multiple zeta values are generalizations of multiple zeta values. In this paper, we establish sum formulas for various kinds of cyclotomic multiple zeta values. As an interesting application, we show that the $\mathbb{Q}$-algebra generated by Riemann zeta values are contained in the $\mathbb{Q}$-algebra generated by unit cyclotomic multiple zeta values of level $N$ for any $N\geq 2$.
  • Articles
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(11): 2707-2712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-4213-3
    Polya—Carlson theorem asserts that if a power series with integer coefficients and convergence radius 1 can be extended holomorphically out of the unit disc, it must represent a rational function. In this note, we give a generalization of this result to multivariate case and give an application to rationality theorem about D-finite power series.
  • 数学学报(英文). 2026, 42(2): 269-292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-026-4262-2
    Using the stratifications of Deligne—Mumford moduli spaces $\overline{\mathcal M}_{g,n}$ indexed by stable graphs, we introduce a partially ordered set of stable graphs by defining a partial ordering on the set of connected stable graphs of genus $g$ with $n$ external edges. By modifying the usual definition of zeta function and Möbius function of a poset, we introduce generalized ($\mathbb Q$-valued) zeta function and generalized ($\mathbb Q$-valued) Möbius function of the poset of stable graphs. We use them to proved a generalized Möbius inversion formula for functions on the poset of stable graphs. Two applications related to duality in earlier work are also presented.
  • Articles
    Yuanyuan Li, Jingbo Dou
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(8): 2031-2052. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3547-1
    In this paper, we investigate the existence of normalized solutions for a quasilinear elliptic problem as follows \begin{equation*} \left\{\begin{array}{ll} -\Delta_p u+\lambda u^{p-1}=f(u), & x\in \mathbb{R}^N, \\ \displaystyle\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|u|^p d x=\rho,& u \in W^{1,p}(\mathbb{R}^N), \end{array}\right. \end{equation*} where $-\Delta_p $ is the $p$-Laplace operator, 1<p<N,N≥3,ρ>0 and λ>0. f is a continuous function and satisfies some suitable conditions. Based on a Nehari—Pohozaev manifold, we show the existence of positive normalized solutions by using the minimization method.
  • Articles
    Daniel Guan, Mengxiang Liang
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(8): 1995-2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3371-7
    In this article, we continue to study K?hler metrics on line bundles over projective spaces to find complete K?hler metrics with positive holomorphic sectional curvatures with two very special properties. These two special kinds of examples were not able to be found in our earlier paper of the first author and Ms. Duan. And therefore, we give a further step toward a famous Yau conjecture with the method in the co-homogeneity one geometry.
  • Articles
    Siyi Zhao, Liu Liu
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(6): 1653-1663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3154-1
    For a piecewise monotone function $F$ of height 1, an open question was raised: Does $F$ have an iterative root $f$ of order $n\le N(F)+1$ if the ‘characteristic endpoints condition' is not satisfied? This question was answered partly in the case that $F$ is strictly increasing on its characteristic interval $K(F)$ but $f$ is strictly decreasing on $K(F)$. In this paper we discuss the question for $F$ increasing on $K(F)$ in some remaining cases, giving the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of continuous iterative roots $f$ decreasing on $K(F)$ of order $n=N(F)>2$ with $H(f)=n-1$.
  • Articles
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(10): 2686-2706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3452-7
    In this paper, entropy and pressure are investigated for a random dynamical system $\varphi$ over $\mathbb{Z}^k$-actions on a compact metric space. The pressure $P(\varphi, f)$ of $\varphi$ with respect to a random continuous function $f$ and the measure-theoretic entropy $h_\mu(\varphi)$ for a $\varphi$-invariant measure $\mu$ are defined. A variational principle for pressure $P(\varphi, f)$ is established, which states that $P(\varphi, f)$ is the supremum of the sum of $h_\mu(\varphi)$ and the integral of $f$ taken over all invariant measures $\mu$. We also obtain some basic properties for equilibrium states.
  • Articles
    Haifeng Li, Hao Ying, Jinming Wen
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(6): 1635-1652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3171-0
    In many practical applications, we need to recover block sparse signals. In this paper, we encounter the system model where joint sparse signals exhibit block structure. To reconstruct this category of signals, we propose a new algorithm called block signal subspace matching pursuit (BSSMP) for the block joint sparse recovery problem in compressed sensing, which simultaneously reconstructs the support of block jointly sparse signals from a common sensing matrix. To begin with, we consider the case where block joint sparse matrix $\mathbf{X}$ has full column rank and any $r$ nonzero row-blocks are linearly independent. Based on these assumptions, our theoretical analysis indicates that the BSSMP algorithm could reconstruct the support of $\mathbf{X}$ through at most $K-r+\lceil\frac{r}{L}\rceil$ iterations if sensing matrix $\mathbf{A}$ satisfies the block restricted isometry property of order $L(K-r)+r+1$ with $\delta_{B_{L(K-r)+r+1}}<\max\{\frac{\sqrt{r}}{\sqrt{K+\frac{r}{4}}+\sqrt{\frac{r}{4}}}, \frac{\sqrt{L}}{\sqrt{Kd}+\sqrt{L}}\}$. This condition improves the existing result.
  • Articles
    Yongge Tian, Bo Jiang
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(6): 1591-1616. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3574-y
    Regression models are often transformed into certain alternative forms in statistical inference theory. In this paper, we assume that a general linear model (GLM) is transformed into two different forms, and our aim is to study some comparison problems under the two transformed general linear models (TGLMs). We first construct a general vector composed of all unknown parameters under the two different TGLMs, derive exact expressions of best linear minimum bias predictors (BLMBPs) by solving a constrained quadratic matrix-valued function optimization problem in the Löwner partial ordering, and describe a variety of mathematical and statistical properties and performances of the BLMBPs. We then approach some algebraic characterization problems concerning relationships between the BLMBPs under two different TGLMs. As applications, two specific cases are presented to illustrate the main contributions in the study.
  • Articles
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(10): 2495-2510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3520-z
    In this paper, we introduce a communication-efficient distributed estimation method tailored for massive datasets exhibiting skewness. The data are stored across multiple machines. We construct a surrogate likelihood which only need to transfer subgradient from local machines to approximate higher-order derivatives of the global likelihood. An enhanced EM algorithm is developed for computations. The proposed method not only addresses the non-normality of data by utilizing first-order gradient information in each transmission, ensuring low communication overhead, but also ensures privacy protection. Simulation studies illustrate the superior performance of the proposed methods.
  • Deli Li, Yu Miao, Yongcheng Qi
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(12): 2855-2876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3587-6
    Let $\{X, X_{n}; n \geq 1\}$ be a sequence of i.i.d. non-degenerate real-valued random variables with $\mathbb{E}X^{2} < \infty$. Let $S_{n} = \sum_{i=1}^{n} X_{i}$, $n \geq 1$. Let $g(\cdot): ~[0, \infty) \rightarrow [0, \infty)$ be a nondecreasing regularly varying function with index $\rho \geq 0$ and $\lim_{t \rightarrow \infty} g(t) = \infty$. Let $\mu = \mathbb{E}X$ and $\sigma^{2} = \mathbb{E}(X - \mu)^{2}$. In this paper, on the scale $g(\log n)$, we obtain precise asymptotic estimates for the probabilities of moderate deviations of the form $ \log \mathbb{P}(S_{n} - n \mu > x \sqrt{ng(\log n)} )$, $ \log \mathbb{P}(S_{n} - n \mu < -x \sqrt{ng(\log n)} )$, and $ \log \mathbb{P}(|S_{n} - n \mu | > x \sqrt{ng(\log n)} )$ for all $x > 0$. Unlike those known results in the literature, the moderate deviation results established in this paper depend on both the variance and the asymptotic behavior of the tail distribution of $X$.
  • Articles
    Zhenyu Zhou
    数学学报(英文). 2026, 42(1): 1-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-026-4286-7
    Zhao and Xu (2013) constructed a functor from $\mathfrak{o}(n)$-Mod to $\mathfrak{o}(n+2)$-Mod. In this paper, we use the functor successively to obtain full conformal oscillator representation of $\mathfrak{o}(2n+2)$ in $n(n+1)$ variables and determine the corresponding finite-dimensional irreducible module explicitly when the highest weight is dominant integral. We also find an equation of counting the dimension of an irreducible $\mathfrak{o}(2n+2)$-module in terms of certain alternating sum of the dimensions of irreducible $\mathfrak{o}(2n)$-modules, which leads to new combinatorial identities of classical type in the case of the Steinberg modules. One can use the results to study tensor decomposition of finite-dimensional irreducible modules by solving certain first-order linear partial differential equations, and thereby obtain the corresponding physically interested Clebsch—Gordan coefficients and exact solutions of Knizhnik—Zamolodchikov equation in WZW model of conformal field theory.
  • Articles
    Lixiu Duan, Qing Guo
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(6): 1531-1564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3086-9
    We consider the following fractional prescribed curvature problem \begin{align}\label{eq01} (-\Delta)^s u= K(y)u^{2^*_s-1},\quad u>0,y \in \mathbb{R}^N, \end{align} where $s\in(0,\frac{1}{2})$ for $N=3$, $s\in(0,1)$ for $N\geq4$ and $2^*_s=\frac{2N}{N-2s}$ is the fractional critical Sobolev exponent, $K(y)$ has a local maximum point in $r\in(r_0-\delta,r_0+\delta)$. First, for any sufficient large $k$, we construct a $2k$ bubbling solution to (0.1) of some new type, which concentrates on an upper and lower surfaces of an oblate cylinder through the Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction method. Furthermore, a non-degeneracy result of the multi-bubbling solutions is proved by use of various Pohozaev identities, which is new in the study of the fractional problems.
  • Articles
    Guangjun Shen, Huan Zhou, Jiang-Lun Wu
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(12): 2959-2989. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-4088-3
    In this paper, we study asymptotic behavior of small perturbation for path-distribution dependent stochastic differential equations driven simultaneously by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H\in (\frac{1}{2},1)$ and a standard Brownian motion. We establish large and moderate deviation principles by utilising the weak convergence approach.
  • Articles
    Jinyu Zhou, Jigao Yan
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(6): 1677-1702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3031-y
    In this paper, complete convergence and complete moment convergence for maximal weighted sums of $\rho^-$-mixing random variables are investigated, and some sufficient conditions for the convergence are provided. The relationships among the weights of the partial sums, boundary function and weight function are in a sense revealed. Additionally, a Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund type strong law of large {numbers} for maximal weighted sums of $\rho^-$-mixing random variables is established. The results obtained extend the corresponding ones for random variables with independence structure and some dependence structures. As an application, the strong consistency for the tail-value-at-risk (TVaR) estimator in the financial and actuarial fields is established.
  • Articles
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(11): 2713-2726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-4212-4
    We construct an explicit example of a smooth isotopy $\{\xi_t\}_{t \in [0,1]}$ of volume- and orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms on $[0,1]^n$ ($n \geq 3$) that has infinite total kinetic energy. This isotopy has no self-cancellation and is supported on countably many disjoint tubular neighbourhoods of homothetic copies of the isometrically embedded image of $(M,g)$, a "topologically complicated" Riemannian manifold-with-boundary. However, there exists another smooth isotopy that coincides with $\{\xi_t\}$ at $t=0$ and $t=1$ but of finite total kinetic energy.
  • Articles
    Sining Wei, Yong Wang
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(8): 2072-2104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3654-z
    In this paper, we introduce the spectral Einstein functional for perturbations of Dirac operators on manifolds with boundary. Furthermore, we provide the proof of the Dabrowski—Sitarz—Zalecki type theorems associated with the spectral Einstein functionals for perturbations of Dirac operators, particularly in the cases of on 4-dimensional manifolds with boundary.
  • Articles
    Jian Li, Yuanfen Xiao
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(8): 2053-2071. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3168-8
    We study the mean orbital pseudo-metric for Polish dynamical systems and its connections with properties of the space of invariant measures. We give equivalent conditions for when the set of invariant measures generated by periodic points is dense in the set of ergodic measures and the space of invariant measures. We also introduce the concept of asymptotic orbital average shadowing property and show that it implies that every non-empty compact connected subset of the space of invariant measures has a generic point.
  • Articles
    Giovany Figueiredo, Sandra Moreira, Ricardo Ruviaro
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(8): 1977-1994. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-4053-1
    In this paper we will be concerned with the problem $$ - \Delta u - \frac{1}{2}\Delta(a(x)u^2) u + V(x)u=f(u), x\in \mathbb{R}^2, $$ where $V$ is a potential continuous and $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is a superlinear continuous function with exponential subcritical or exponential critical growth. We use as a main tool the Nehari manifold method in order to show existence of nonnegative solutions and existence of nodal solutions. Our results complement the classical result of Solutions for quasilinear Schr?dinger equations via the Nehari method" due to Jia-Quan Liu, Ya-Qi Wang and Zhi-Qiang Wang in the sense that in this article we are considering nonlinearity of the exponential type.
  • Articles
    Meixing Zhao, Jinchuan Hou, Kan He, Feng Zhang
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(6): 1664-1676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3398-9
    The main purpose of this article is to study the lattice structure of quantum logics by using the theory of partially order sets. The goal is achieved by constructing a natural embedding map from the quantum logic posets into the complete lattices. The embedding map needs to be dense (in the order sense) and such complete lattices are so-called extended logics which preserve all essential features of the quantum logic. We obtain that the extended logic is unique up to a lattice isomorphism.
  • Articles
    Qianyu Shu, Xueping Wang
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(6): 1565-1579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3155-0
    In this paper, the semirings with invariant basis numbers are investigated. First, we give some properties of a semiring which has an invariant basis number, and then give some necessary and sufficient conditions that the direct sum of two semirings has an invariant basis number. As an application, we prove that division semirings, quasilocal semirings and stably finite semirings have invariant basis numbers, respectively.
  • Articles
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(11): 2773-2780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-4111-8
    Let $V\cup_{S}W$ be a Heegaard splitting of $M$ with distance $n\geq 2$ and $F$ a boundary component of $\partial_{-}V$. A simple closed curve $J$ in $F$ is called distance degenerating if the distance of $M_{J}=V_{J}\cup_{S}W$ is less than $n$, where $M_{J}$ is obtained by attaching a 2-handle to $M$ along $J$. In this paper, by considering the distance between $J$ and the image of the essential disks of $W$ under the projection map, we obtain a sufficient condition for the diameter of the set of distance degenerating curves in $F$ to be bounded in $C(F)$. Moreover, for $F=\partial M$, an upper bound of the diameter of the set of the boundary reducible curves in $F$ is given under some circumstance.
  • Haining Fan, Binlin Zhang
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(12): 3045-3076. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-4575-6
    In this paper, we develop some new variational and analytic techniques to study the multiplicity and concentration of positive solutions for a planar Schrödinger-Poisson system involving competing weight potentials and the nonlinearity $K(x)|u|^{p-2}u$ $(2<p<4)$ in $\mathbb{R}^2$. By Nehari manifold and Ljusternik-Schnirelmann category, we relate the number of positive solutions to the category of the global minima set of a suitable ground energy function. Our results improve and extend the ones in [Du, Weth, Nonlinearity, 30, 3492-3515 (2017)] and [Chen, Tang, J. Differ. Equ., 268, 945-976 (2020)]. In particular, we do not need the assumption $K(x)\equiv1$ and the $C^1$ smoothness of $V(x)$. Furthermore, we do not use the axially symmetric condition of the potential in our second main result. Moreover, we shall show that there is a great difference in our results between $N=2$ and $N\geq3$.
  • Articles
    Yu Fu, Rafael López, Yanru Luo, Dan Yang
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(6): 1617-1634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3330-3
    In this paper, we consider $\lambda$-translating solitons in $\mathbb{R}^3$. These surfaces are critical points of the weighted area when the density is a coordinate function. If $\lambda=0$, these surfaces evolve by translations along the mean curvature flow. We give a full classification of $\lambda$-translating solitons that satisfy a linear Weingarten relation between their curvatures. These surfaces are planes, circular cylinders, grim reapers and certain types of cylindrical surfaces. We also prove that planes and circular cylinders are the only $\lambda$-translating soliton with constant squared norm of the second fundamental form.
  • Articles
    Pengjie Liu, Jinbao Jian, Hu Shao, Xiaoquan Wang, Xiangfeng Wang
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(8): 2160-2194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-4144-z
    In this paper, we explore the convergence and convergence rate results for a new methodology termed the half-proximal symmetric splitting method (HPSSM). This method is designed to address linearly constrained two-block non-convex separable optimization problem. It integrates a half-proximal term within its first subproblem to cancel out complicated terms in applications where the subproblem is not easy to solve or lacks a simple closed-form solution. To further enhance adaptability in selecting relaxation factor thresholds during the two Lagrange multiplier update steps, we strategically incorporate a relaxation factor as a disturbance parameter within the iterative process of the second subproblem. Building on several foundational assumptions, we establish the subsequential convergence, global convergence, and iteration complexity of HPSSM. Assuming the presence of the Kurdyka-?ojasiewicz inequality of ?ojasiewicz-type within the augmented Lagrangian function (ALF), we derive the convergence rates for both the ALF sequence and the iterative sequence. To substantiate the effectiveness of HPSSM, sufficient numerical experiments are conducted. Moreover, expanding upon the two-block iterative scheme, we present the theoretical results for the symmetric splitting method when applied to a three-block case.
  • Articles
    Xingfu Zhong, Yu Huang
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(12): 2899-2920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3618-3
    We provide three types of invariance pressure for uncertain control systems, namely, invariance pressure, strong invariance pressure, and invariance feedback pressure. The first two respectively extend the corresponding pressures for deterministic control systems proposed by Colonius, Cossich, and Santana (2018) and by Nie, Wang, and Huang (2022); and the third generalizes invariance feedback entropy of uncertain control systems presented by Tomar, Rungger, and Zamani (2020), by adding potentials on the control range. Then we prove that (1) an explicit formula for invariance pressure of a controlled invariant set with respect to a potential by the logarithm of the spectral radius of the admissible weighted matrix determined by this potential under some suitable conditions; (2) an explicit formula for pressure of invariant quasi-partitions by maximum mean weight over all irreducible periodic sequences; (3) the invariance feedback pressure of a controlled invariant set is equal to the pressure of an atom partition under some technical assumptions; (4) lower and upper bounds for pressure of invariant quasi-partitions w.r.t. a potential by the logarithm of the spectral radius of the weighted adjacency matrix determined by this potential; (5) a variational principle for strong invariance pressure.
  • Articles
    Ling Chen, Minggang Wei
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(12): 2877-2898. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-4070-0
    We study inhomogeneous projective oscillator representations of Lie superalgebras of $Q$-type on supersymmetric polynomial algebras. These representations are infinite-dimensional. We prove that they are completely reducible. Moreover, these modules are explicitly decomposed as direct sums of two irreducible submodules.
  • 数学学报(英文). 2026, 42(2): 357-376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-026-4391-7
    Lower and upper bounds for eigenvalues help estimate the location interval of eigenvalues, which is of practical meanings especially for those problems of which the eigenvalues cannot be exactly obtained. In this paper, we study the lower and upper bounds for linear elasticity eigenvalues by displacement-pressure mixed finite element schemes. By applying expansion identities for the error of eigenvalues, lower and upper numerically computable bounds for the eigenvalues are derived based on certain mathematical hypotheses. For the schemes studied here, roughly speaking, the accuracy loss of the local approximation of the discrete displacement may lead to lower bound and that of pressure to upper bound. By utilizing the min-max principle and perturbation theory for the solution operator, theoretical lower and upper bounds can be controlled by setting proper Lamé parameters.
  • 数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(10): 2511-2523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3563-1
    In this paper, we study the vector fields $X$ with a global Poincaré cross-section on a $2 n+1$-dimensional presymplectic manifold ($M, \tilde{\omega}$) under certain conditions. We use ($M, \tilde{\omega}$) to construct a $2 n+2 k$ dimensional symplectic manifold ($\tilde{M}, \Lambda$), on which the vector field $X$ can be extended to a Hamiltonian vector field $\tilde{X}$ with a smooth Hamiltonian $H: \tilde{M} \rightarrow R$. We also consider vector fields $X$ with a first integral $F$ and a Jacobi multiplier $J$ on an $n$-dimensional manifold ($M, \Omega$). On a level set $\Sigma$ of $F$, we get an $n-1$-volume form $\omega_n$ on $\Sigma$ and prove that $X$ is a volume-preserving vector field with respect to $\omega_n$. Specifically, when $X$ is a 3 dimensional devergence-free vector field, the results have been discussed by Lerman in 2019.
  • Articles
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(11): 2805-2815. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3564-0
    In this paper, we give a slight improvement of El Soufi—Ilias—Ros's upper bound of the first Laplace eigenvalue on a torus in a fixed conformal class. We also optimize Montiel—Ros's argument to obtain a better upper bound of the conformal area for certain rectangular tori.
  • Articles
    Zhiqi Chen, Ke Yan, Hui Zhang
    数学学报(英文). 2026, 42(1): 250-268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-026-4284-9
    Left-invariant Riemannian metrics on Lie groups $G_{\mathbb{R}{H}^{n-1}}\times\mathbb{R}$ and $G_{\mathbb{R}{H}^{2}}\times\mathbb{R}^{n-2}$ ($n\geq 3$) have been classified by Hiroshi, Takahara and Tamaru. It is easily seen that $G_{\mathbb{R}{H}^{n-1}}\times\mathbb{R}$ and $G_{\mathbb{R}{H}^{2}}\times\mathbb{R}^{n-2}$ ($n\geq 3$) have the same automorphism group, which is denoted by $L_n$. In this paper, we first classify $n$-dimensional simply connected Lie groups with automorphism group $L_n$, then we classify the left-invariant Riemannian metrics on such Lie groups. As an application, we get the $m$-quasi Einstein metrics.
  • Articles
    Yini Yang
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(8): 1966-1976. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3392-2
    First we investigate relative $n$-regionally proximal tuples. Let $\pi: (X,G)→ (Y,G)$ be a Bronstein extension between minimal systems. It turns out that if $(x_1,\dots, x_n)$ is a minimal point and $(x_{i},x_{i+1})$ is relative regionally proximal for $1\leq i\leq n-1$, then $(x_1,\dots, x_n)$ is relative $n$-regionally proximal. We consider the relative versions of sensitivity, including relative $n$-sensitivity and relative block $F_t$-$n$-sensitivity, where $F_t$ is the family of thick sets. We show that $\pi$ is relatively $n$-sensitive if and only if the relative $n$-regionally proximal relation contains a point whose coordinates are distinct, and the structure of $\pi$ which is relatively $n$-sensitive but not relatively $n+1$-sensitive is determined. We also characterize relatively block $F_t$-$n$-sensitive via relative regionally proximal tuples.
  • 数学学报(英文). 2026, 42(2): 293-321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-026-4583-1
    In the present paper, the authors systematically study the mapping properties of multilinear maximal operators on the Triebel–Lizorkin spaces and Besov spaces. In the global setting, the authors provide a criterion on the boundedness and continuity of a class of multilinear operators on the Triebel–Lizorkin spaces and Besov spaces, which can be used to obtain the boundedness and continuity of the multilinear operators associated to balls, cubes and dyadic cubes, multilinear sharp maximal operator as well as multilinear operators of convolution type on the Triebel–Lizorkin spaces and Besov spaces. The corresponding results for the multilinear maximal operators associated to balls are also proved in the local setting.
  • Articles
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(11): 2755-2772. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-4330-z
    Combing the weak KAM method for contact Hamiltonian systems and the theory of viscosity solutions for Hamilton—Jacobi equations, we study the Lyapunov stability and instability of viscosity solutions for evolutionary contact Hamilton—Jacobi equation in the first part. In the second part, we study the existence and multiplicity of time-periodic solutions.
  • Articles
    数学学报(英文). 2025, 41(11): 2829-2854. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10114-025-3692-6
    DeBiasio and Krueger showed the following result: For all $0\leq\delta\leq1$ and $\epsilon>0$, there exists $n_0$ such that if $G$ is a balanced bipartite graph on $2n\geq2n_0$ vertices with $\delta(G)=\delta n$, then in every $2$-coloring of G, there exists a monochromatic cycle of order at least $(f(\delta)-\epsilon)n$, where \[f(\delta)=\begin{cases} \delta, & 0\leq\delta\leq\dfrac{2}{3}, \\[3mm] 4\delta-2, & \dfrac{2}{3}<\delta\leq\dfrac{3}{4}, \\[3mm] 1, & \dfrac{3}{4}<\delta\leq1. \end{cases}\] Zhang and Peng (2023) extended the above result to off-diagonal cases when $\delta>\frac{3}{4}$. In this paper, we relax the condition $\delta>\frac{3}{4}$ to $\delta>\frac{2}{3}$. We show the following result: For every $\eta>0$, there exists a positive integer $N_0$ such that for every integer $N>N_0$ the following holds. Let $\frac{2}{3}<\delta\leq\frac{3}{4}$, and let $\alpha_1\geq\frac{\delta \alpha_2}{3\delta-2}>0$ such that $\alpha_1+\alpha_2=1$. Let $G[X, Y]$ be a balanced bipartite graph on $2N$ vertices with $\delta(G)=(\delta+3\eta)N$. Then for each red-blue-edge-coloring of $G$, either there exist red even cycles of each length in $\{4, 6, 8, \dots, 2(2\delta-1)(2-3\eta^2)\alpha_1N\}$, or there exist blue even cycles of each length in $\{4, 6, 8, \dots, 2(2\delta-1)(2-3\eta^2)\alpha_2N\}$. There are constructions of colorings showing that the length of a longest monochromatic cycle is asymptotically tight and the condition $\alpha_1\geq\frac{\delta \alpha_2}{3\delta-2}$ cannot be removed.